![]() ![]() ![]() Progression of OA can cause subchondral bone sclerosis in addition to articular cartilage degeneration, necessitating simultaneous interventions for the bone and cartilage. Of all joint diseases in animals, intra-articular fractures, osteochondrosis, and subchondral bone cysts of thoroughbred racehorses are serious diseases that cause rapid progression of osteoarthritis (OA) at a young age. Compared to the control sites, the implanted defects showed lower RV percentages, better total MOCART scores, higher average gross scores, and higher average histological scores. Magnetic resonance (MR) images were evaluated using a modified two-dimensional MR observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) grading system, while macroscopic (gross) and microscopic histological characteristics were scored according to the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) scale. At 3 and 6 months after surgery, the radiolucent volume (RV, mm 3) of the defects was calculated based on multiplanar reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) images. The contralateral (left femoral) defect served as the control. This construct was confirmed to be positive for type I collagen and negative for type II collagen, Alcian blue, and Safranin-O upon histological analysis and was subsequently implanted into an osteochondral defect (diameter, 6.8 mm depth, 5.0 mm) at the right femoral medial condyle. After culturing SM-MSCs until P3, we prepared a construct (diameter, 6.3 mm height, 5.0 mm) comprising approximately 1920 spheroids containing 3.0 × 10 4 cells each. SM-MSCs were strongly positive for CD11a/CD18, CD44, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I moderately positive for CD90, CD105, and MHC class II and negative for CD34 and CD45 on flow cytometry and differentiated into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages in the tri-lineage differentiation assay. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. ![]() The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. ![]()
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